Industry Growth Program: discussion paper

Australia’s National
Science Agency

CSIRO SUBMISSION
Industry Growth Program consultation

CSIRO Submission 23/831
August 2023

Enquiries should be addressed to:

E governmentrelations@csiro.au
Contents
Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 2
CSIRO’s role in the innovation ecosystem ............................................................................................ 2
Science and technology supporting industry innovation ...................................................................... 3
Services to the innovation ecosystem, including industry and SMEs ..................................................... 4
Opportunities for the Industry Growth Program ......................................................................... 6
Eligibility of innovative SMEs and projects .......................................................................................... 6
Diversity and inclusion........................................................................................................................ 6
Industry partner organisations ............................................................................................................ 7
Program governance and grant assessment ........................................................................................ 7
Meeting intended outcome ................................................................................................................ 7
Alignment with other innovation initiatives ........................................................................................ 7
Appendix: Case studies in research commercialisation ................................................................ 9

CSIRO Australia’s National Science Agency CSIRO Submission 23/831 | August 2023 | 1
Introduction
The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Australia’s national science agency, welcomes the opportunity to provide input to the Department of Industry, Science and Resources’ consultation on the Industry Growth Program (the Program). CSIRO makes this submission recognising that the Program seeks to support the growth, transformation and scale-up of innovative SMEs focused on activities aligned to national priorities.
Reflecting CSIRO’s purpose, this submission addresses the role of science and technology in supporting industry innovation and creation, and outlines CSIRO activities aligned with the objectives of the Program.
The submission also shares CSIRO’s experience and capabilities in delivering innovation and commercialisation programs to SMEs, industry and the wider ecosystem.
CSIRO would welcome the opportunity to discuss any points shared in this submission with the Department of Industry, Science and Resources.

CSIRO’s role in the innovation ecosystem
CSIRO’s purpose is to solve our greatest challenges through innovative science and technology. Our functions under the Science and Industry Research Act 1949 include assisting Australian industry, facilitating the application of research and contributing to achieving national objectives.
This is further reflected in the Minister for Industry and Science’s Statement of Expectations.1 The excerpts below indicate the expected contributions of CSIRO to the commercialisation of Australian research and innovation, including working with industry and SMEs:
o CSIRO to contribute to the priorities identified in the National Reconstruction Fund (NRF) and work
with the Department (of Industry, Science and Resources) to align CSIRO’s commercialisation
activities with the NRF.
o CSIRO should play a leading role in the translation of science and technology into products and
services.
o CSIRO is well placed, as a highly networked organisation, to connect across the Government’s
science and industry initiatives to support stronger business growth and build critical mass for
industry-research ventures, and to leverage CSIRO’s expertise in managing Intellectual Property (IP)
for the benefit of Australia.
o From its position at the nexus of research and business, CSIRO can play a critical facilitation role to
help bridge the gap between Australia’s world-class R&D and industry outcomes, and to support
small-medium enterprises (SMEs) to commercialise and integrate research innovations.
Providing further context to these expectations, Australia’s focus on strengthening its manufacturing and industrial capabilities demands significant innovation and diversification across our economy.
With Australia’s business sector principally comprising SMEs, CSIRO recognises the potential of its role to contribute to SME innovation to achieve the desired transformation through its existing suite of innovation activities, complementing the Industry Growth Program.
CSIRO serves industry and the SME community, both as a research organisation by collaborating closely with industry partners in the delivery of science and innovation in priority areas, and as a national science agency by providing programs and services to organisations across the ecosystem to support the translation and commercialisation of Australian innovation.

1
https://www.csiro.au/en/about/corporate-governance/minister-and-board/statement-of-expectations

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Through these activities, CSIRO works with over 4,000 industry and government partners, and nearly 1,600
SMEs across more than 50 sites throughout Australia and globally.

With its national remit, mandate to contribute to national priorities and strong record of industry- partnered innovation, CSIRO is well placed to contribute to the Government’s aspirations for the Industry
Growth Program through collaborative research and innovation with SMEs, and to continue to facilitate alignment of research-industry innovation efforts across the country.

Science and technology supporting industry innovation
Industry-led research collaborations, particularly in science and technology, can serve as a critical input to the Industry Growth Program by creating a pipeline of innovation that unlocks opportunities for business/industry growth, transformation and scaling. CSIRO delivers a suite of collaborative initiatives that are well positioned to contribute to and accelerate this innovation pipeline in priority sectors.
o CSIRO Missions Program
CSIRO’s organisational strategy focusses on assisting the country to overcome six national
challenges and turn them to Australia’s unique advantage2. To address these complex challenges,
CSIRO established its mission-led innovation program in 2020, launching a portfolio of large-scale
collaborations. Missions partner with government, research, industry, business and community
organisations, as well as other collaborative research initiatives, to accelerate the design and
delivery of solutions spanning science and technology, policy, skills, and infrastructure. Eight
missions have been launched to date in areas aligned to NRF priorities, including: Towards Net
Zero, Hydrogen Industry, Drought Resilience, Trusted Agrifood Exports, Future Protein, AquaWatch
Australia, Minimising Antimicrobial Resistance and Ending Plastic Waste.

CSIRO Missions are helping to de-risk new technologies and innovations by facilitating a process of
co-design with stakeholders to ensure a holistic approach to problem solving and through market
testing and demonstration. The benefits of the model are that it allows for experimentation,
acceleration of solutions that succeed and fast-failing those that do not. This type of innovation
also enables the creation of novel business and commercialisation models, increased collaboration
between the research sector and SMEs, and new avenues for accelerating deployment of advanced
stage R&D. For example, the Future Protein Mission has supported collaborative R&D activities to
accelerate novel ideas from across the Australian innovation system for protein production, leading
to several promising start-ups that are currently pursuing investment opportunities.

o Future Science
CSIRO’s Future Science investments aim to create breakthrough technology with the potential to
transform and create new industries for Australia. The Future Science Platforms program includes
investments in critical and enabling technologies that have potential relevance for Australia’s
future industries. These include AI/Machine learning, Quantum, Synthetic Biology and Autonomous
Sensing technologies, as well as emerging fields spanning Advanced Engineering Biology, Immune
Resilience and Revolutionary Energy Storage Systems. As the science within these domains evolve,
CSIRO will continue to engage with partners on the applications, solutions and opportunities these
technologies may afford, in turn creating an important pipeline for future industry development
and innovation in Australia.

2
https://www.csiro.au/en/about/challenges-missions/challenges

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o Foresighting
CSIRO delivers science-informed future-focused intelligence to the community, including
publications offering market vision, sector roadmaps and insights on new opportunities for
Australia. These reports offer signals on growth potential in the system, and have informed
innovation and policy developments across Federal, state and territory governments. For example,
the trends canvassed through the Australian National Outlook informed the priority sectors of
focus for the NRF.
Innovation stemming from science, technology and research will be critical for the transformation and diversification of Australian industry. Development of high value services and products with sovereign supply chains, and creation of high productivity manufacturing processes will require the expertise of our nation’s scientific and technology community, working in partnership with business and industry sectors.

In alignment with the goals of the Industry Growth Program and programs addressing national challenges and priorities, CSIRO will continue to deliver impact-focussed scientific and collaborative research initiatives that drive innovation and industry creation.

Services to the innovation ecosystem, including industry and SMEs
CSIRO plays a unique role in the innovation system, not only in convening and delivering collaborative research partnerships, but also in offering services and programs that seek to strengthen the national innovation system, including facilitating research commercialisation and translation for the benefit of
Australia’s industries and communities.
Among these services and programs, CSIRO has a long record of engaging with SMEs and early-stage ventures to navigate the commercialisation pathway, including initiatives to incentivise business-led research and innovation.
o CSIRO Kick-Start
CSIRO’s SME Connect team has deep experience in connecting SMEs to researchers within
Australia’s universities, CSIRO, and the wider ecosystem. The team engages closely with start-ups
and SMEs to: identify research opportunities and navigate the research sector, facilitate the
development of R&D partnerships, explore opportunities for SMEs to commercialise new products,
technologies and services, and accelerate the commercialisation of existing IP and technologies.
Among SME Connect’s service offering is the CSIRO Kick-Start program, an initiative delivered and
funded by CSIRO since 2017. Kick-Start was originally designed to complement the Innovation
Connections Program (see below) by enabling start-ups and small businesses with a turnover under
$1.5M to collaborate with CSIRO researchers. The program offers eligible businesses access to
dollar-matched funding of $10,000-$50,000 to partner with CSIRO to research new ideas or
develop/test a novel product or process.
Kick-Start has been effective in creating a pipeline of R&D projects with clear commercial
application and potential, and in incentivising innovation within the SME community. Since 2017,
CSIRO Kick-Start has facilitated over 250 SME projects with 218 companies, generating over $50
million in R&D investment. Companies that have participated in Kick-Start have raised more than
$765 million in capital and are now collectively valued at over $1.7 billion.
o Industry-led R&D Collaboration Programs
Through SME Connect, CSIRO has a record of service provision for the Australian Government,
delivering the following industry-led R&D collaboration programs for SMEs:

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• Researcher-in-Business (RiB) (2009 – 2014): supported the placement of researchers from
universities or public research agencies into businesses with the aim of supporting the
development and implementation of solutions and innovations for business. CSIRO facilitated
102 RiB projects for 94 SMEs, valued at $10.9 million.
• Innovation Connections Program (Industry Partner 2014 – 2020), (National Delivery Partner
2020 – 2023): sought to connect industry and business operating within key growth sectors
(with $1.5 million minimum turnover) with research institutions to foster innovation
partnerships and provide access to grant funding. From 2015-2023, the Innovations Connection
Program engaged almost 1,600 SMEs in more than 2,400 projects, including more than 400
projects in regional and remote Australia, and generated over $120 million in SME co-
investment. Companies that participated in Innovation Connections have raised more than
$5 billion in capital and are collectively valued at approximately $23 billion. Innovation
Connections also served to support the scaling activity of businesses; 104 companies that
received funding through the Accelerating Commercialisation program were also successful in
being awarded Innovation Connections grants.
CSIRO is also focused on supporting the translation and commercialisation of research-led innovation, both at CSIRO and in the broader system in collaboration with the higher education sector. CSIRO works closely with publicly funded research agencies and Federal Departments to scale research commercialisation capability and performance and through several national programs:
o ON Programs
Originally developed as part of CSIRO's Innovation Catalyst in 2015, CSIRO’s ON program is now
funded through the Australian Government’s University Research Commercialisation Action Plan to
deliver industry-leading innovation training and services that support the translation of research
from Australia’s universities and publicly funded research agencies. The flagship programs provided
through ON service offering include:
• ON Prime: a nine-week program for research teams to undertake customer discovery and
market validation for research ideas with commercial potential.
• ON Accelerate: a 15-week program for research teams to develop knowledge and skills to
validate the business model for and enable the formation of a high potential venture ready for
launch into the market. Each team’s place in ON Accelerate is worth more than $150,000 across
the life of the program and they can also attract financial assistance of up $180,000 based on
performance that is specifically for the purposes of assisting the team to fast-track market
traction, during and following the program.
Over 3,500 participants across Australian universities and research institutions have completed ON
Programs. ON alumni have raised over $615 million in post-program grants and investment, and
created 67 new ventures since 2017, generating 575 jobs.
o Main Sequence Ventures
Main Sequence is a venture capital firm established by CSIRO to address the ‘valley of death’
between research and commercialisation for both national benefit and commercial return. Main
Sequence invests venture capital in opportunities with strong commercial potential, that are
aligned with national priorities and connected to publicly funded research.
Since establishment in 2017 Main Sequence has invested in 53 companies emerging from over 100
collaborations with 28 of Australia’s universities and 23 collaborations with CSIRO teams. The
Australian deep tech companies supported by Main Sequence have created more than 2,100 new
jobs, and the market value of those companies has grown to over $6.8 billion. Main Sequence
invests into six themes, aligned to the priorities of the NRF.
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In July 2023, Main Sequence announced the first close of its third fund, raising $450 million,
surpassing the milestone of $1 billion in total funds under management. This includes half of the
$150 million to be invested in Main Sequence under Australia’s Economic Accelerator program3.

CSIRO looks forward to supporting and complementing the activities of the Industry Growth Program.
CSIRO welcomes discussion on the connectivity between CSIRO initiatives supporting SMEs and early stage ventures including CSIRO Kick-Start and Main Sequence. CSIRO is also keen to contribute to discussion of the relationship of the Industry Growth Program with the programs that aim to drive innovation and commercialisation of university research, including the ON Program, the National Industry PhD Program
(including the CSIRO Industry PhD Program), and Stages 1-3 of Australia’s Economic Accelerator.

Opportunities for the Industry Growth Program
Eligibility of innovative SMEs and projects
o In determining the eligibility of SMEs and projects for funding and support to transform, grow and
scale their business, CSIRO’s experience is that the requirement to have matched funding
contributions can be a helpful criterion to ensure businesses have access to the required resources
and confirmed commitment from investors.
o CSIRO’s experience in the process for selecting projects and teams to support through its
innovation programs is that the determination of potential for future growth requires a robust
business case, market opportunity analysis, examination of project feasibility, and assessment of
the capability of the applicant teams, with independent validation.
o It is noted that the proposed focus for the Program is industry-led and pre-profit/early-stage
activities. As referenced throughout this submission, CSIRO recognises the significant role of
research and innovation in driving early-stage ventures.

There may be merit in exploring mechanisms to facilitate connectivity and alignment between the Program and CSIRO initiatives engaging SMEs and early-stage ventures, including collaborative research programs and system services, and in particular CSIRO Kick-Start.

Diversity and inclusion
Through its innovation and commercialisation programs, CSIRO engages a diverse cohort of participants.
This has been achieved through the engagement efforts to attract applicants to the program, as well as consideration of delivery modes to support participation among diverse cohorts.
o The ON Program team routinely engages with universities and public research agencies across the
country, including through hosting roadshow events, as part of a dedicated effort to ensure a
geographic spread of participants in the ON programs, including from rural and regional Australia.
The ON team has also created virtual components of its programs to limit the barriers to
participation.
o The SME Connect team similarly engages widely to diversify its projects. Throughout the delivery of
the Innovation Connections Program, the SME Connect team supported projects through 39 of
Australia’s universities and 38 research organisations (e.g. CRCs, publicly funded agencies),
including more than 400 projects in regional and rural communities across Australia.

3
https://www.education.gov.au/university-research-commercialisation-package/australias-economic-accelerator

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o The CSIRO Kick-Start program has been particularly successful in increasing engagement with First
Nations communities. In 2022 10% of approved projects were with Indigenous businesses including
Outback academy, Rainstick and Ochre sun.

Industry partner organisations
CSIRO’s experience in delivering innovation and commercialisation programs suggests that SMEs and early- stage companies will benefit from industry partner organisations that offer capabilities or capacity to access sector/technical and commercialisation expertise, as well as a record of success in navigating commercial pathways. This includes insights on unlocking support mechanisms and services. Participants will also benefit from partners that bring capacity to identify key gaps in commercialisation plans and guide participants in the formation of strategies to address deficits and de-risk the commercialisation pathway.

Meeting intended outcomes
o CSIRO uses a suite of metrics through its innovation and commercialisation programs that have
been useful in assessing the value added through the services provided, in terms of contributions to
the economy as well as the innovation system. These have aligned with national measures of
innovation activity, including employee numbers and patent filings, as well as metrics spanning
sales/profit data, export and trade information, engagement with universities, location.
o CSIRO’s experience also suggests that there is value in tracking longer term survival rates of
participant companies, as well as data that monitors the representation of equity cohorts through
the Program.

Alignment with other innovation initiatives
There are a suite of initiatives and incentives available to the innovation system, offered by various portfolios and tiers of government, that seek to support knowledge creation, commercialisation and business innovation and growth. There is value in exploring opportunities for alignment and connection across synergistic interventions and policies to:
o Enable identification of gaps in the provision of support that may disrupt the innovation pipeline
o Facilitate collaboration and coordination of efforts in complementary domains, especially for
initiatives focused toward shared and urgent challenges
o Maximise the reach and impact of public investment, and in turn the performance of the national
innovation ecosystem in supporting national priorities.
Leveraging experiential learning programs
CSIRO, like universities and others in the innovation system, leads and supports initiatives connecting undergraduate and postgraduate students to research and innovation experiences.
o CSIRO delivers Generation STEM Links in NSW which will place 250+ undergraduate STEM students
into six-week projects with industry partners by the end of FY25. To date, over 80% of students in
Generation STEM Links have been offered further employment in the businesses.
o CSIRO also leads an Industry PhD (iPhD) Program, delivered as part of the Australian Government’s
University Research Commercialisation Package. The iPhD program brings together an industry
partner, a university and CSIRO, to co-offer a four-year industry-focused PhD project. It provides
PhD students with a unique skill set to focus on impact driven research. Through the iPhD program
(including its preceding Pilot Program) there were 32 Higher Degree Research candidates that
either commenced or were underway in 2022-23 and 3 candidates who had already completed
their PhD. The program is now scaling up with around 50 potential projects identified for
commencement in 2024.

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The Industry Growth Program would be well placed to support sector initiatives that leverage its network of partner and participant organisations to provide learning and entrepreneurial experiences for students. In doing so, the Program would nurture a pipeline of entrepreneurial talent and contribute to the development of the future innovation workforce.

Information and knowledge sharing among communities of practice
CSIRO notes the opportunity for information and knowledge sharing across Australian Government innovation and commercialisation initiatives, both in the formation and delivery of programs.
o For example, Australia’s Economic Accelerator is benefitting from significant cross-fertilisation of
insights from Innovation Connections facilitators; it will also be appointing Priority Managers; the
Australian Strategic Capabilities Accelerator will be appointing Capability Managers, and the
Industry Growth Program proposes the instalment of Industry Growth Program Advisers. All will
share an interest in supporting their constituent cohorts through a coherent commercialisation
pathway.
Connectivity and coordination with innovation and commercialisation initiatives
CSIRO’s research collaborations and services to the innovation system have been developed with reference to other programs that support innovation and commercialisation, spanning portfolios and sectors. For example:
o CSIRO’s Missions Program aims to address national challenges. The Missions model seeks to
facilitate visibility and alignment of effort across other collaborative initiatives (e.g. CRCs,
Trailblazers) that seek to respond to priority issues at a system level through positioning Missions
to take on a convening role, without the need for formalised partnership structures that require
any one group to relinquish their position or commit resources. It supports complementarity and
collaboration through coordination at scale and aims to reduce duplication of effort.
o CSIRO’s SME Connect programs (which principally serve the SME community) are complementary
to the ON Programs and Main Sequence Ventures (which principally serve commercialisation
activity emerging from research institutions). However, each fulfills a discrete purpose, with clear
delineation.

CSIRO looks forward to working with the Department on the Industry Growth Program as part of a connected and aligned ecosystem that offers commercialisation support throughout the innovation cycle, and that leverages the impact of collective efforts to address national priorities and challenges - including the creation of new ventures and innovation that will drive the reindustrialisation and diversification of the economy.

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Appendix: Case studies in research translation and commercialisation
RapidAIM – ON Accelerate, CSIRO Kick-Start, Main Sequence Ventures
RapidAIM is a spin-out company founded by CSIRO alumni in 2018 to commercialise novel pest-detection technology. The company’s digital pest-detection systems help producers protect crops from pests, such as fruit flies, with real-time monitoring and alerts. Low-powered smart sensors use AI pattern recognition to detect pests from characteristic movements, and immediately alert growers to pest threats in their region or on their property. This enables better targeting of pesticides and pest control activities to maximise effectiveness and reduce pesticide use.
After honing their entrepreneurial skills through CSIRO’s ON Accelerate program in 2016, the company received investment from Main Sequence Ventures in 2018.
The RapidAIM commercialisation journey was also supported through a CSIRO Kick-Start project in 2020 to help usher the RapidFLY fruit fly detection system to market. The Kick-Start project was critical for implementing greater flexibility to use RapidAIM for commercial surveillance and monitoring, generating data for development of the system’s smart traps, and testing effectiveness of different attractant and retention methods. These included pheromone lures to attract flies, and chemical or mechanical retention methods to keep flies in the traps. RapidFLY reduces manual checking of traps by farmers and the costs of managing fruit fly outbreaks, as well as cutting carbon emissions.
Building on RapidFLY’s success, RapidAIM has expanded into surveillance and alert systems for other agricultural pests. In 2023, RapidAIM received a $659,275 Accelerating Commercialisation grant to commercialise alert systems for more pests – armyworms, budworms and bollworms.

CBG Systems – SME Connect
CBG Systems longstanding Rapid Access Composite (RAC) system insulates high-speed aluminium marine ferries to maintain structural integrity in fires and enable safe evacuation of passengers.
CBG sought to enhance RAC to for application in conventional steel-hulled ships and identified CSIRO’s
Hybrid Inorganic Polymer System (HIPS) technology as a potential solution. HIPS is a ductile adhesive resin capable of load bearing and withstanding temperatures over 1000°C.
CSIRO SME Connect worked with CBG to scope an R&D project and access two Innovation Connections grants to partner with CSIRO to adapt HIPS for the steel ship application.
The project resulted in development of a prototype new-generation insulation panel, combining the RAC and HIPS technologies, which was extensively tested to meet performance requirements. The new fire insulation panel system RAC Plus is stronger and lighter than traditional fire-cladding, makes ships more fire resistant, while reducing fuel requirements and carbon emissions.
Following the project, CBG Systems was awarded a $750,000 Accelerating Commercialisation grant to bring
RAC Plus to market, supporting development of a state-of-the-art manufacturing facility in Hobart, increased employment, and exports.
RAC Plus won the 2022 IndoPacific Innovation Award and is on a growing number of ships, including the US
Navy’s 13 Fast Transport catamarans, as well as civilian ferries. CBG is exploring further applications in aerospace for battery enclosures and in civil construction.

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Freelance Robotics - SME Connect
SME Connect worked with CQUniversity and Freelance Robotics to scope a project and access R&D funding to progress an idea towards a commercial product. The collaboration sought to overcome longstanding workforce shortages in seasonal fruit pickers, by developing automated fruit harvesting technologies. The team harnessed orchard imaging and robotic mango picking technologies developed by Professor Kerry
Walsh at CQUniversity, and the mechatronic engineering and robotics expertise of Freelance Robotics, to produce the Orion orchard imaging system, which uses machine vision to estimate the total fruit load of an orchard, integrated with a mechanical fruit harvester.
The project positioned Freelance and CQUniversity to secure further funding and attract partners. In April
2023, Freelance received a $761,790 Accelerating Commercialisation grant, and another commercial partner, Northern Territory mango producer Niceforo Farms, joined the team. They are now working towards a commercial product launch of a robotic harvesting system.

Lowes TC – SME Connect
Lowes TC is a commercial tissue-culture (TC) plant producer based in New South Wales. Using material from existing plants, such as disease-resistant crop varieties, the company supplied over 100,000 tissue culture plants to Australian agriculture businesses each week. Greg Lowe, Lowes TC founder, believed traditional TC processes – which have hardly changed in decades – could be improved.
CSIRO SME Connect introduced Lowes TC to the University of Technology Sydney’s (UTS) Integrated
Product Design Research team (IPD-R), and supported Lowes TC to undertake two Innovation Connections projects with UTS.
UTS and Lowes TC developed a prototype for an advanced TC system to produce better plants, more quickly, and at a lower cost. The new system enabled parts of the bioreactor process to be automated.
Lowes continued to invest in R&D, expanded its team, improved the technology, and rolled out the system across its business, resulting in a tenfold increase in productivity.
In 2019 Lowes received an Accelerating Commercialisation grant of $888,000 to demonstrate the new TC system on a commercial scale. Lowes has now signed 13 collaboration agreements with Australian and international partners across horticultural sectors. These partnerships are opening new markets with
Australian collaborations alone having a combined annual demand of 200 million+ plants per year.

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